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Corbii impresioneaza din nou
Din ce in ce mai des, corbii ne dau de inteles ca nu sunt doar niste zburatoare pur instinctuale. In testele desfasurate, patru dintre aceste pasari au etalat uimitoarea abilitate de a improviza unelte pentru a putea indeplini diferite sarcini.
Pasarilor li s-a prezentat un mic vas cilindric pe fundul caruia se afla un obiect inelar la care ele nu puteau ajunge direct cu ciocul si o sarmultita dreapta asezata langa acesta. In mod remarcabil, desi zburatoarele nu au mai intalnit niciodata acest scenariu, au trecut imediat la treaba, indoind sarma ca pe un carlig cu ajutorul caruia au agatat obiectul inelar din eprubeta.
Spre deosebire de alte animale, care invata trucuri dupa mult antrenament si teroare, pasarile au rezolvat problema imediat si, de vreme ce au fost crescute in captivitate, nu se poate banui ca au fost instruite de alte pasari. Trei dintre cele patru ciori au obtinut carligul dupa prima incercare, in timp ce al patrulea exemplar a avut nevoie de patru incercari.
Intr-un alt experiment, ciorile au trebuit sa aleaga pietre de marimi potrivite pentru a le da drumul in recipiente tubulare de diferite diametre. Toate au ales dimensiunile si formele potrivite ale pietrelor, fara vreun antrenament.
Pe baza studiilor de acest fel, cercetatorii Universitatii Cambridge au emis teoria conform careia corbii dispun de o inteligenta sofisticata, comparabila cu cea a cimpanzeilor, cele mai apropiate rude din regnul animal ale omului.
It wouldn't win any beauty contest and its raucous caw is hardly easy on the ear.
But when it comes to brains, the great British rook stands alone.
In tests, four of the birds displayed the astonishing ability to devise tools to achieve a task.
Spotting the worms in the bucket, but realising they are out of reach, the rook finds a piece of straight wire...
They were presented with a small bucket of wriggling worms out of reach at the end of a tube, and next to it a piece of straight wire.
Remarkably, despite never having seen the set-up before, they immediately got to work bending the wire so they could hook out the bucket and tuck in.
Researchers at Cambridge University believe this proves the birds have a sophisticated intelligence to rival that of chimpanzees, one of man's closest animal cousins, which can craft tools with their hands.
Although New Caledonian crows, from the South Pacific, use sticks to extract grubs from the ground, this is the first time rooks have ever been seen making and using tools, according to a paper published yesterday.
But the straight wire proves an inadequate tool for the job...
Unlike most animals which learn tricks through trial and error, they solved the problem immediately and, since they were raised in captivity, had no other birds to show them how to do it.
The aptly-named Christopher Bird, a PhD student and lead author of the study, said it has long been known that rooks are intelligent but it had not been proven as they have no need to make tools in the wild, unlike their New Caledonian cousins.
'They tend to use their intelligence on other tasks such as complex nest building because they are not faced with a shortage of food.'
The clever bird then uses the jar edge to bend the wire into a hook shape...
Mr Bird and colleagues from Queen Mary, University of London, conducted the study with five-year- old rooks Cook, Connelly, Fry and Monroe, which were hand-reared from fledglings.
Three of the four rooks made the wire hook on their first attempt. The fourth, Monroe, did it on her fourth attempt.
We have lift-out: The wire proves a perfect tool for the job and the wily bird gets the worms
In another experiment, the rooks had to choose the right sized stones to drop down tubes of different diameter, tipping a platform to release a morsel of food.
They all chose the right size and shape of stone without training.
The results are published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
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