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Chipul primului european, reconstituit dupa fosile din Muntii Carpati
O echipa de cercetatori britanici, in frunte cu antropologul Alice Roberts, a reusit reconstituirea in premiera a chipului celui considerat cel mai vechi Homo Sapiens din Europa. Barbatul sau femeia – este imposibil de determinat sexul exemplarului in cauza – a trait in urma cu aproximativ 35.000 – 36.000 de ani pe teritoriul de astazi al Romaniei, in sudul Muntilor Carpati.
Singurele fragmente osoase descoperite au fost o parte de mandibula si cateva bucati fosillizate de craniu, fosile scoase la lumina in anul 2002, intr-o pestera in care au mai fost descoperite ramasite de ursi preistorici. Cercetatorii au reusit insa sa reconstituie fidel trasaturile lui Homo Sapiens, unul dintre oamenii care la momentul ajungerii in Europa se intalnea cu cealalta specie umana, omul de Neanderthal.
„Chipul nu arata ca unul tipic european, asiatic sau macar african. De fapt, el pare o mixtura din toate acestea. Te gandesti in acel moment ca, in realitate, la asta te asteptai de la cineva care a facut parte dintre primele populatii de Homo Sapiens care au ajuns in Europa”, afirma Alice Roberts.
Craniul reconstituit este in mare parte asemanator cu cel al oamenilor moderni. Cu toate acestea, sub vizibile inca trasaturile arhaice ale acestuia, cel mai bun exemplu constituindu-l dintii foarte largi.
„Luata in ansamblu, reconstituirea reprezinta prima dovada bine documentata a modului in care aratau oamenii in momentul in care au inceput cucerirea Europei”, concluzioneaza Erik Trinkaus, cerecetor american din cadrul Universitatii Washington, Missouri.
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The first European: Created from fragments of fossil, the face of our forbears 35,000 years ago
The first modern European: Forensic artist Richard Neave reconstructed the face based on skull fragments from 35,000 years ago
His recreation offers a tantalising glimpse into life before the dawn of civilisation. It also shows the close links between the first European settlers and their immediate African ancestors.
To sculpt the head, Mr Neave called on his years of experience recreating the appearance of murder victims as well as using careful measurements of bone.
It was made for the BBC2 series The Incredible Human Journey. This will follow the evolution of humans from the cradle of Africa to the waves of migrations that saw Homo sapiens colonise the globe.
The head has taken pride of place on the desk of Alice Roberts, an anthropologist at Bristol University, who presents the programme.
'It's really quite bizarre,' she told Radio Times. 'I'm a scientist and objective but I look at that face and think "Gosh, I'm looking at the face of somebody from 40,000 years ago" and there's something weirdly moving about that.
'Richard creates skulls of much more recent humans and he's used to looking at differences between populations.
'He said the skull doesn't look European or Asian or African. It looks like a mixture of all of them.
'That's probably what you'd expect of someone among the earliest populations to come to Europe.'
Anthropologist Alice Roberts with the model
Anthropologist Alice Roberts with the model: 'I look at that face and think "I'm actually looking at the face of somebody from 40,000 years ago"', she says
The head is based on remains of one of the earliest known anatomically modern Europeans.
The lower jawbone was discovered by potholers in the Carpathian mountains in Romania in 2002. The rest of the fragments were found the following year.
The bones were carbon-dated to between 34,000 and 36,000 years ago when Europe was occupied by two species of human.
They were the Neanderthals, who had arrived from Africa tens of thousands of years earlier, and the more recent modern humans, also known as Cro-Magnons.
Although the skull is similar to a modern human head, it has a larger cranium, is more robust and has larger molars. Although it is impossible to work out the skin colour of the prehistoric hunter, it is likely to have been darker than modern white Europeans.
Fossil experts are also unsure if the skull was male or female.
Many scientists believe that modern humans evolved in Africa 200,000 to 100,000 years ago. Our ancestors left Africa around 60,000 years ago and migrated around the world, replacing other branches of the family tree which had left the continent earlier.
The earliest modern Europeans were far from primitive. Living in huts and caves, they used stone tools and spears made from antlers, painted on the walls of their caves and made jewellery from shells.
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